Ceramic composition and properties
Ceramic composition and properties: Ceramic composition and properties , atomic and molecular nature of ceramic materials and their resulting characteristics and performance in industrial applications. Industrial ceramics are commonly understood to be all industrially used materials that are inorganic, nonmetallic solids. Usually, they are metal oxides (that is, compounds of metallic elements and oxygen), but many ceramics (especially advanced ceramics) are compounds of metallic elements and carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur. In atomic structure they are most often crystalline, although they also may contain a combination of glassy and crystalline phases. These structures and chemical ingredients, though various, result in universally recognized ceramic-like properties of enduring utility, including the following: mechanical strength in spite of brittleness; chemical durability against the deteriorating effects of oxygen, water, acids, bases, salts, and organic solvents; hardness, con
